Keeping it cool.

When I bought the Mac Mini as a home theater PC, I knew it was but a temporary solution until time to make my own became available. I named it the Mac Fry and so it has proved, with CPU temperature soaring to 168F when ripping/compressing a movie with Handbrake. The service limit is 176F for the C2D CPU and all that thermal cycling so close to the limit is not consonant with a long life.

So when the opportunity arose, I procured the parts to make my own, and the Mini will move to a less demanding home for near zero net outlay. But first I will have to replace the slot loading DVD drive because, like every other Mac slot loading drive I have owned, it has just failed.

As before, ace builder TU Steve writes what follows:

To keep things simple, I used the same parts as in the HP10, my utility machine which runs super cool and has performance comparable to all but the fastest iMacs at a fraction of the cost. The only thing which would change is that an elegant case would be used, as the HackMini is very much on show below the TV screen.

Well, I thought I was using the same parts, but the restless people at Gigabyte conspired to change the audio chip used on their mini H67M-D2-B3 motherboard from the Realtec ALC888b in HP10 (v1.0) to the ALC889 in the HackMini (v1.1), meaning the build started with no sound until I applied the fix here. Then OS Lion refused to allow login to the AppStore – essential for software updates – and a few seconds here quashed that little bug.

As I had a couple of small notebook drives in a drawer, remaindered from fried Apple laptops, I used those doubled up on a Silverstone adapter plate, allowing installation in a 3.5″ slot.

I spent a long time choosing a case, wanting something less than full sized but not so small that cooling would be an issue. This machine is going to be worked hard, and must have front USB slots for sneakernet movement of movie VOB files. I finally decided on the Silverstone LC03S in unpainted alumin(i)um, as I really dislike black, with neat front flaps covering the USB sockets and the full size tray loading Sony DVD reader/burner. I have never had one of the latter fail and they are dirt cheap.

The build was dead easy, taking just two hours from box opening to start up, and I had prepped the drives using HP10 while waiting for the parts. The case is premium priced but you get rolled steel edges inside, meaning no injuries when building.

There are two small, silent case fans, so I had to procure a two-into-one connector as the mobo sports but two fan connectors, the other used by the CPU cooler. Another $2 was blown on a small beeper speaker which announces itself with a single beep at power-on, indicating all is well. Just like in a crappy Windows machine. As you can see, there’s tons of room in there, with space for another 3.5″ device – I will likely add an SDHC card reader – and several more drives. Many build their HTPC Hacks with micro ITX mobos but that makes for small boxes and hosts of issues. This case will actually accommodate a full size ATX mobo, but that would be overkill for the intended use. As it is, the Gigabyte mobo used sports no fewer than eight rear and two front USB sockets, including USB3 if desired, so it’s not like connectivity is an issue.

Finally, the motherboard includes two SATA3 sockets which will support the latest 6gb/s fast HDDs and SSDs. The two notebook drives are ancient SATA2 devices, and as disc access is infrequent in this application, that’s just fine.

As you can see, space is abundant inside:

The over-spec’d Thermaltake PSU, at 430 watts, will not break a sweat and I like the brand for it’s neat cloth covered cable sheaths.

And that’s about it. Here it is in place, happily replacing the awful Mac Mini which may just be the worst designed computer I have ever owned.

The ugly small black ‘wires’ are optical fiber cables for an IR blaster.

Here’s the parts cost – I used the awesome Intel Core i3 Sandybridge CPU:

Case $86
Wifi card 38
GT430 GPU 75 (EVGA with HDMI/VGA/DVI)
Motherboard 96
Drive plates 16
RAM/DVD/CPU/PSU 237 (8gB Corsair 1333mHz)
Beeper 2
Y fan cable 3
EVGA rebate (15)

Total $538

To be fair, the cost of an HDD has to be added to strike a comparison with the MacMini which is certainly price competitive. Until it fries, that is. And the current Mini no longer includes a DVD burner.

Performance is everything you would expect of the Core i3 and the outstanding GPU:

Start-up and Geekbench run, using the stock Intel CPU cooler.

While the machine is used as an HTPC, it would also make an excellent desktop. I will likely replace the poor stock Intel CPU cooler with something better once I figure out sizing ($30) and will also add an internal multi-format card reader ($15). For a machine which is never switched off, an SSD makes little sense.

The HackMini is controlled with an RF Microsoft Mobile Mouse 6000, RF being far superior to Bluetooth in range and stability, not to mention battery life, and with Mobile Mouse on the iPad when typing names of movies into the DVDpedia database. This has interactive, clickable links to movie files residing on 10 tBs worth of external disc storage.

Audio is 2.1, with sound output from the motherboard routed to an ancient Sony receiver and thence to even older B&W DM4 speakers. With a little more hacking 5.1 surround sound using the multiple sockets on the motherboard would be easily added.

Want to add BluRay playback? Swap the regular Sony DVD burner for a BluRay SATA one ($60) and add this $50 software, and enjoy something Apple does not provide on any of its hardware.

Factory warranties are three years on the CPU, motherboard and graphics card and lifetime on the RAM, with only the Mobo being a pain to remove. No money wasted on AppleCare here. It should be added that of the many Hackintoshes in which I have had a hand, several used hard in professional settings, the sole failure over the past five years has been to one 1tB Samsung HDD, which was still within its three year warranty.

As befits an HTPC, the Hack Mini computer is silent as the grave.

Thank you, TU Steve!

There are many reasons to avoid the poorly designed MacMini, even more so in its latest guise where the DVD burner has been deleted (though, arguably, that’s an improvement over the awful slot loader in mine); for the full scoop just click here. Hint: It’s nowhere near as cheap as you think.

Bluetooth update: To learn how to really get this fragile, wireless technology working well with the HackMini in its rôle as a keyboard-less home theatre computer, please click here.

Proof.

Part III is here.

Here’s a video which shows you what I’m going on about when it comes to the raw speed of the HP100 Hackintosh.

Click the picture to view.

Click the picture for the video.

For thoughts on the obsolescence of this machine, check this piece written two years ago. The biggest speed gain since then has been from the use of solid state drives for the OS and applications, but those thoughts were largely on point. The future doubtless holds faster CPUs, GPUs and memory but at this point HP100 is so fast in photo processing tasks that further speed adds little. Maybe LR4 and CS6 will bring with them code bloat which will dictate migration to the next generation of hardware. We will see.

Update: You can read about overclocking the i5 and i7 Ivy and Sandybridge CPUs here.

Intel released the successor to the Sandy Bridge CPU, the Ivy Bridge, in May, 2012. An update addressing Ivy Bridge use in a Hackintosh appears here.

Assembly and benchmarks.

Part II is here.

In the spirit of taking the high road, my anonymous colleague and ace computer builder FU Steve has changed his moniker to TU Steve, and writes what follows. TU – Thank You.

While Gigabyte’s motherboards have proved reliable once up and running, I have had a high rejection rate of new ones. Chat boards confirm it’s not just my bad luck.

So this time I bought not one but two motherboards from Amazon – One Z68 and one P67. The latter deletes support for Intel’s integrated GPU (as used by Apple in almost all its laptops and desktops) but adds two more USB sockets for a total of 14! The cost of this insurance is return shipping of one of the boards – money well spent.

Parts for the HP100 upgrade, including two mobos.

By contrast, I have never had a bad Intel CPU or memory in the many machines I have assembled.

It’s amusing to note the wild neo-Mayan design of the cooling fins on the Corsair memory, named ‘Vengeance’ of all things:

16gB of 1600mHz DDR3 RAM on four sticks.

The Mayan variant. Slower, but longer lived.

As is my habit, I pored over the Gigabyte manual and stared at the board for a good half hour, thinking of obstacles to a smooth installation. Gigabyte has moved sockets around a bit so that will affect wiring. Least helpful is the move to edge connectors for SATA HDDs, meaning the cables connect parallel to the mobo’s surface rather than perpendicular to it, making access, once installed, tricky. While other makers’ mobos do it better, Gigabyte is the best supported board from a hacker’s perspective, so I’m sticking with the brand.

Mercifully, the layout of the socket for all those fiddly, small front panel connectors (power LED, power, reset, HDD LED, etc.) is unchanged. These are a real challenge to aging eyes and, as they are not keyed, incorrect insertion will defeat function. All other connectors are keyed so when I say this is like building a Lego toy I really should say it’s easier. Absent those front panel connectors you cannot insert things incorrectly, unlike Lego. Both mobos add a couple of 6gb/s SATA HDD sockets (twice the theoretical speed of the older 3gb/s ones if you use SATA III HDDs, though my tests have disclosed that the speed gains are nearer 50% than 100%) plus internal and front panel USB3 sockets. As I have no USB3 devices I’ll pass on these, preferring to wait for the even faster LightPeak/Thunderbolt technology to become available on PCIe cards.

Because HP1 will be disabled once dismantled and reassembled, its software hacks now obsolete and of use for the old mobo and CPU only, I set up my backup SSD with the parameters for the new hardware, hoping that it would boot straight from that SSD. As insurance, I also created an installation flash drive stick with Lion 10.7.2 using the tool illustrated here as a backup boot device in case the SSD refused to cooperate. When it comes to these things I’m a strong believer in the old saying that has it that “If it can go wrong, it will”. Irishmen know it as Murphy’s Law, but they are mostly drunk much of the time.

The Build:

Things went well. Studying the mobo in advance paid back mightily, as I had made a note to plug in the two SSDs, two HDDs, DVD burner and SDHC card reader into the mobo’s socket before installing the mobo in the chassis. They are virtually inaccessible once the mobo is installed. I also took the opportunity to vacuum out the amazing amount of dust which had gathered in the chassis these past 30 months of 7/24 use.

First the Intel i5-2500K (the ‘K’ designates it can be overclocked) is inserted in the mobo socket, and thin layers of Arctic Silver thermal paste are applied to both the surface and the mating plate on the Coolermaster CPU radiator. If you get squeeze out you have used too much and your thermal efficiency will be compromised The stock Intel cooler is recycled – it’s junk.

The Intel Core i5-2500K installed.

The final thing to remember before screwing the mobo down is to replace the socket plate, and as you can see the new Z68 board comes with high power USB sockets (for properly charging an iPad), USB 3.0 sockets, a DisplayPort and an HDMI socket, in addition to all the usual Firewire and sound connections. The Display port socket will allow the use of a third monitor – something I do with my rig with a separate USB->DVI powered adapter. Note also the DVI socket for the on board Intel GPU, integrated into the CPU, and the VGA connector. Some joker has left the PS2 mouse and keyboard socket. Who uses those?

Connections on the Gigabyte Z68 motherboard.

The holder for the large Coolermaster 212Plus cooler was installed before screwing the mobo into the chassis and, yes, the usual garage language was involved in installing the radiator and its fan with those finicky clips (improved on current production). Of course, the stock installation blocked one of the memory slots, proving that Murphy is alive and well:

Coolermaster 212+ radiator blocks #1 memory slot.

So a few more colorful words later, I had the radiator turned through ninety degrees and all was well with the world:

Coolermaster CPU radiator repositioned.

Stock performance:

After making sure all the various connectors were properly attached, I switched on and went into the mobo’s BIOS making the usual adjustments you can see from my HP1 pictorial here, then booted from the backup SSD which had previously been prepared for the Z68 motherboard. Everything ran perfectly first time. More time was spent futzing with that cooler fan than the whole rest of the process in total!

As you can see the memory is running at 1333mHz, compared to the 1600mHz rating, something addressed below when I overclock the CPU.

A quick Geekbench-64 test returns a reading 42% faster than the stock HP1 (Core2Quad) and 8% faster than HP1 overclocked at 3.6gHz.

Stock HP100 with slow memory setting.

I reused the fairly dated EVGA Nvidia 9800GTX+ GPU and with just cause. The framing rate in rendering video is stunning, 47% and 13% faster than HP1 stock and overclocked, respectively.

HP100 graphics test.

Overclocking:

OK, time to get serious. The Core i5 is made to be overclocked, so back into the BIOS and an increase of CPU speed from 3.3gHz to 4gHz took seconds. I merely changed the multiplier from 33x to 40x, leaving the voltage unchanged, so as not to void Intel’s warranty. Gaming fora suggest that 4.5gHz, or another 13% faster, is stable with a small voltage increase, but why take risks and get greedy? This is meant to be a reliable workhorse, not a highly strung thoroughbred. At the same time I set the memory to its rated 1600mHz speed.

Here’s Geekbench-64 – 20% faster than the stock Core-i5 and a stunning 69% faster than HP1 stock (Core2Quad @ 2.83gHz):

And here’s Cinebench – 15% faster than stock and no less than 69% faster than HP1 stock for an outstanding framing rate of over 44 fps. That’s getting into serious gaming and better spec’d MacPro Xeon territory at a bargain basement price!

HP100 overclocked, showing a very high framing rate.

Video test:

This is a tough test – rip a full length DVD (4.7gB) and compress the result to ATV2 file format (1.2gB) using Handbrake.

HP1 – 36 minutes – 100%
HP100 – 16 minutes – 44% of the above

Though the EVGA Nvidia 9800GTX+ graphics card used is a 4 year old design, not much has happened to improve mass market GPUs since, except gussied up looks and prices. The Nvidia 9800GTX+ rocks, more so when married to a state-of-the-art Intel CPU. The card has a scant 512mB of DDR2 video RAM.

You can see the dramatic increase in framing rate from the Cinebench tests above – and that’s what you are seeing in the above real world data.

Temperature management:

The BIOS which Gigabyte ships with the Z68 (mine came with the current F9 variant) is greatly enhanced over that in its earlier EP45 Core2Duo/Quad mobo, adding a host of temperature and energy management options. A few minutes adjusting things saw idle CPU temperatures drop 10F from 112F to 102F in overclocked mode. That compares with 122F for the overclocked Core2Quad with identical cooling – a significant 20F drop.

Effect of enhanced energy management settings on CPU temperature – all four cores shown.

The spikes are from the restart cycle.

Z68 or P67 mobo?

I bought both, in case one was faulty, and went with the Z68 ($160) because I liked the black finish! The Z68 adds support for the on board Intel 3000 graphics processor, which is integrated into the CPU. Nice idea, but not compatible with good thermal management, and a major cause of overheating in over-stressed and poorly cooled MacBooks and iMacs. The P67 ($135 and blue!) deletes this functionality, with both boards supporting overclocking of either the i5-2500K or i7-2600K Intel CPUs, the ‘K’ suffix denoting the CPUs’ unlocked state. The unlocked CPUs command a modest $10 premium over the stock units.

Overclocking compounds thermal stress and anyone looking for serious graphics performance will opt for a discrete graphics card with its own dedicated fan, in addition to an aftermarket CPU cooler to replace the ineffectual stock Intel model. Further, choose the right graphics card and it will come with dual DVI sockets for dual monitor setups, unlike what is available with on board graphics. So using the costlier Z68 makes no sense. But I do like the color ….

Real world experience:

Tests disclose data, not experience. How does the HP100 perform in real life? I recall when I built HP1 how my jaw dropped at the speed and fluidity of the machine. This is another jaw dropper. Simply stated, there’s no going back, especially for an upgrade whose net cost, after used parts sales, was under $200.

With 16gB of fast memory you can leave PS CS5 and LR3 loaded at all times, and everything in those much used apps just flies.

If you built HP1, build HP100. If you did not build HP1, build HP100.

Thank you, TU!

Part IV is here, complete with a video showing the machine’s operating speed.

Money data.

Part I is here.

As the parts start arriving for the HP100 upgrade of HP1, I thought it might be instructive to compare costs for that super fast three display machine with the inexpensive HP10 dual display Hackintosh, my HP10, used mostly for stock quotes. Just for laughs I also include a MacPro in as close a configuration as I could come up with.

But first, here’s a snap of the gorgeous (!) new Gigabyte motherboard which will host Intel’s latest Core i5 CPU, replacing the older one with its Intel Core2Quad:

Gigabyte Z68X-UD3H-B3 motherboard.

If that doesn’t get your pulse racing, nothing will.

What’s striking about this cost comparison is not just the silly pricing of the MacPro (not to mention its very limited capacity for upgrades) but the exceptionally low cost of HP10 whose normally clocked Core i3 CPU outperforms all but the fastest iMacs. The Core i5/i7 CPUs in iMacs are under-clocked by Apple so they only melt one day after your warranty has expired. HP100 will be twice as fast as HP1 and 50% faster than the comparable MacPro. The HP100 upgrade will add five years of life to HP1.

HP1/HP100, MacPro and HP10 costs compared.

Note also that the net cost of upgrading HP1 (Core2Quad) to HP100 (Core i5) is a mere $126. The old parts sold for a loss of 30% of original cost, incurred 30 months ago. That’s an outstanding value, helped by the excellent resale value of Intel’s older CPU.

With the mechanical difficulty of building a Hackintosh comparable to that of assembling a basic Lego toy and with the software tools freely available making hacking very simple, there has never been a better time to build the best desktop machine that (very little) money can buy. While the cheaper HP10 does not sport fancy monitors, its operating speed is perfectly fine for heavy Photoshop use and it runs exceptionally cool, all for under $1,000 with two wall mounted matte displays, easily profiled with a colorimeter.

That sum gets you the base 21″ iMac with a ghastly glossy screen which simply cannot be correctly profiled, lacking the necessary adjustments, identical operating speed and seriously compromised thermal engineering and that awful slot-loading optical drive. Finally, the HP10 has two internal HDDs and two independent Wifi systems – a plug-in dongle and a Broadcomm/AirDrop internal card, for broad redundancy So, your $1000 gets you two displays, two HDDs and two wi-fi systems, not to mention wired broadband. Without broadband, you are dead.

The iMac has one of everything and when it blows, the whole thing has to go back; once out of warranty, the melted motherboard will cost you $950 to replace, which is pointless. Finally, when funds permit, HP10’s Core i3 can be upgraded to an i5 or i7, both drop-in replacements.

Yes, desktop machines are trucks. The HP10 is the Toyota pickup and HP100 just happens to have a Ferrari V12 under the hood, at a Chevy price.

Part III is here.

The final upgrade.

Steve Jobs described desktop computers as trucks and while the world will always need trucks, their prevalence on the home desktop is rapidly becoming a thing of the past. With tremendous performance now available in many 2 lb. laptops the need for the heavy iron is fading. Still, for this photographer, there’s nothing quite like the reliability, cool running and sheer grunt of a big desktop with an extended keyboard, be it a MacPro (soon to be discontinued, the rumor mill has it) or its cousin from the wrong side of the tracks, the Hackintosh.

My ‘go to’ desktop machine, the Hackintosh HP1, started life over two years ago with 4gB of DDR2 800mHz memory, OS Leopard, one 250gB HDD, one 21″ Dell monitor and a miserable little CPU cooler from Intel for their excellent Core2Quad CPU. It delivered decent results. Today, that same chassis sports 8gB of memory, no fewer than three Dell displays, a monster CPU cooler from Coolermaster, two Intel 120gB SSDs, two internal Samsung 1tB HDDs and an external 1.5tB TimeMachine HDD. The stock 2.83gHz CPU has been overclocked to 3.4gHz, yielding a 20% speed increase and HP1 runs the latest version of OS Lion with full iCloud compatibility. Running 7/24 no part has failed and no part cost more than $200. Most are now falling out of warranty.

But its aging CPU and memory mean that HP1 has pretty much hit a performance wall, which Geekbench-64 reports as follows:

The Hackintosh HP1 today.

A few moments of noodling disclosed that HP1’s stock speed can be approximately doubled for a very modest net outlay of some $125 making, tra-la, its successor, the HP100. How does this magic work?

First, the previous generation Gigabyte EP45-UD3P motherboard, a hacker’s favorite, must give way to Gigabyte’s latest Z68X-UD3H-B3 – $160 which also adds HDMI and DisplayPort sockets. (If you do not propose using the integrated graphics GPU on the i5/i7 ‘K’ CPUs preferring a discrete, properly cooled GPU card – then the P67X-UD3-B3 motherboard at $135 is otherwise identical, deleting HDMI and DisplayPort sockets but sporting no fewer than 14 USB sockets compared to a mere 12 for the Z68, and the circuit board is blue, not black!) The 8gB poky 800 DDR2 RAM will be replaced with no fewer than 16gB of Corsair 1600 DDR3 – $95 and twice the speed and capacity of the current RAM. And finally the hot running Core2Quad CPU will cede pride of place to Intel’s latest cool-as-a-cucumber i5-2500K at $220. That makes an outlay of $480. Everything else – the superb Nvidia GT9800+ GPU, the drives, displays, power supply, case, and fans/cooler stay as is. The power needs of the latest CPU are substantially lower than those of the Core2Quad, so no power supply upgrade is needed and the GPU runs as fast in terms of video framing rate as Nvidia’s latest GT430. I know, having measured both.

You can download the manual for the Z68X-UD3H-B3 motherboard by clicking below:

Click to download the Gigabyte Z68 motherboard manual.

The old motherboard, Core2Quad and memory command high prices on the used market. The mobo is a hacker’s classic, the Core2Quad still sells new from Intel, albeit for 50% more than when I bought it, and the memory is not that dated and matches the mobo’s specs. I should net $350 for that lot after the usual eBay frauds/fees/defalcations.

So stay tuned as HP100 takes shape; meanwhile HP10, my Core i3 backup Hackster, burbles along comfortably as proof of concept and runs 30F cooler than HP1. HP10 has a Gigabyte H67M-D2-B3 mobo, 8gB of 1333mHz Corsair RAM, two DVI displays, the i3 CPU and the excellent Nvidia GT430 GPU, all of this delivering performance 10% faster than HP1 in stock form with a Geekbench-64 score of 7,098.

A few words on CPUs and mobos:

Intel’s latest range of Core ix CPUs comes in three speeds:

• Core i3 – 3.1gHz, cannot be overclocked. This is a dual core CPU.
• Core i5 – 3.3gHz, with the ‘K’ model permitting overclocking to 3.6gHz without voiding the warranty. This is a four core CPU.
• Core i7 – 3.4gHz. This is a four core CPU with multithreading, which speeds video processing.

All those CPUs share the same 1155 socket and are plug-and-play replacements for one another, at prices of $125, $220 and $320, the ‘K’ variants of the last two commanding a $10 premium.

Gigabyte is the hacker’s board of choice and they make three ranges with 1155 sockets.

• H67 – no overclocking, no onboard GPU support.
• P67 – no onboard GPU support, overclocking support
• Z68 – onboard GPU support, oveclocking support.
• The ‘UD’ designator in the model number designates ‘heavy duty’ – a thicker PCB to support heavy coolers.
• All other of their many variations addresses availability of differing sockets for peripherals.
• ‘onboard GPU’ refers to the integrated GPU included in the i3/i5/i7 CPUs. A separate GPU card blows this capability away for fast video rendering.

Part II is here.